Panoramic teeth example for cdr dicom series#

Comparing left and right sides is useful, but keep in mind that some conditions may present with a generalized alteration in bone pattern. Assess the density and pattern of trabeculae for any abnormalities. Now examine the bone pattern of the maxilla and mandible. Note the soft palate, imaged bilaterally as it extends off the posterior aspect of the hard palate, into the oropharynx. Finally, look at the internal density of the sinuses, comparing the left and right sides.ДЄssess the structures of nasal cavity including the floor and concha, which extend horizontally along both sides of the image, and the nasal septum. Follow the left and right zygomatic bones and arches as they extend posteriorly from the zygomatic processes to the temporal bones. These structures produce thin radiopaque lines that run roughly parallel to the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, and may be confused with it. When examining the posterior border of the sinus, it is important to also identify the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the pterygomaxillary fissure. Begin at the most superior aspect of the posterior wall of the right maxillary sinus and assess this cortex as well as its floor and medial walls. Now move to the maxilla and examine its cortices. Continue around the angle of the left side of the mandible, up the posterior border, around the condyle, coronoid notch and coronoid process and down the anterior border of the ramus on that side. Examine the posterior border of the right side of the mandible, around the angle and along the inferior border to the left side. Begin at the base of the anterior surface of the ramus on the right side and trace up and around the right coronoid process, down the coronoid notch and around the condylar head. Abnormalities could include discontinuities or missing structures. Next, examine the outer cortices of the mandible. The contents of the neck, including the cervical spine, styloid processes, pharynx, submandibular glands and hyoid bone.The skull base, including the articular process of the temporal bone.In these areas, the following structures, when visible, are assessed: This is a good habit because often observers are too occupied with looking at the center of the image, zoning in on the teeth and jaws, thus neglecting the outer edges of the film. Comparing the left and right sides should also be done in order to detect any asymmetries that may be indicative of pathosis or a developmental condition.Д«egin by assessing the periphery and corners of the image. It is useful to compare the left and right sides of the image when deciding if a finding is normal, since structures appearing bilaterally are generally anatomic. It is critical to have a good understanding of the normal anatomy in order to identify the presence of any abnormalities. Therefore, much more time will be spent doing this part of the interpretation.

Panoramic teeth example for cdr dicom series#

Osseous structures and surrounding soft tissuesД¬ompared to a series of intraoral images, the panoramic image depicts a much larger area of anatomic structures of the oral and maxillofacial region. Second, the alveolar processes are examined. First, the osseous structures and surrounding soft tissues are assessed. A systematic and repeated process is used to ensure that all significant findings are identified. The interpretation of a panoramic image follows the same principles as with any other image or image series. This introduction to the systematic analysis of a panoramic image does not teach the radiologic interpretation of all possible findings that may be detected, but rather introduces the student to an approach to examining the image and identifying the important anatomy in a methodical and comprehensive manner. They are difficult to interpret because they encompass such a large area of anatomy with numerous superimpositions of the hard and soft tissue structures of the region. Panoramic radiographs are common extraoral images used in dentistry which capture the entire maxillofacial region on a single image.